The Cabinet is the main body that controls policy and coordinates activities of governmental departments. It is chaired by the Prime Minister and consists of most of the ministerial heads of departments, as well as some additional members. The Cabinet consists of the Premier and at least six other members of the Legislature. The Governor appoints the majority leader in the House of Assembly as Premier, who in turn nominates the other members of Cabinet. They are assigned responsibilities for Government Departments and other business. The Cabinet is responsible to the Legislature.

The Executive Council was renamed the Cabinet after the passage of relevant legislation in 1973, and following Bermuda's second Constitutional Conference held at Warwick Camp in 1979, the Legislative Council was retitled the Senate. In 1980, the Upper House met for the first time under its new title. The Hon. J.M. Smith (now Dame the Hon. Jennifer Smith), who served as Bermuda's first Progressive Labour Party Premier from November 1998 to July 2003, was the first to be appointed as a senator to this body. Before the name change occurred, Dr. the Hon. M.L. Bean, M.B.E. (latter Dame the Hon. Marjorie Bean) had the distinction of being the first and only female to serve in the Legislative Council.